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A Mitochondrial Uncoupling Prodrug Improves Tissue Sparing, Cognitive Outcome and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics after Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice

ABSTRACT

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in cognitive impairment, which can be long-lasting after moderate to severe TBI. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapeutics to treat the devastating consequences of TBI and improve recovery. This study utilizes a prodrug of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), MP201, a mitochondrial uncoupler with extended elimination time, that was administered after TBI to target mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of TBI. Using a model of cortical impact in male C57/BL6 mice, MP201 (80 mg/kg) was provided via oral gavage 2-hours post-injury and daily afterwards. At 25-hours post-injury, mice were euthanized and the acute rescue of mitochondrial bioenergetics was assessed demonstrating a significant improvement in both the ipsilateral cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus after treatment with MP201. Additionally, oxidative markers, 4- hydroxyneneal and protein carbonyls, were reduced compared to vehicle animals after MP201 administration. At 2-weeks post-injury, mice treated with MP201 post-injury (80mg/kg; q.d.) displayed significantly increased cortical sparing (p = 0.0059; 38% lesion spared) and improved cognitive outcome (p = 0.0133) compared to vehicle-treated mice. Additionally, vehicle-treated mice had significantly lower (p = 0.0019) CA3 neuron count compared to sham while MP201-treated mice were not significantly different from sham levels. These results suggest that acute mitochondrial dysfunction can be targeted to impart neuroprotection from reactive oxygen species, but chronic administration may have an added benefit in recovery. This study highlights the potential for safe, effective therapy by MP201 to alleviate negative outcomes of TBI.

About Mitochon Pharmaceuticals
Mitochon was founded in 2014 with the mission to develop treatments for insidious diseases through the modulation of mitochondrial physiology, with applications to neurodegeneration, neuromuscular, and developmental diseases. Mitochon’s lead programs, MP101 and MP201, specifically harnesses the power of the mitochondria to provide broad neural protection. These compounds elicit mild increases in energy expenditure that result in strengthening cellular survival—similar to the positive effects seen with fasting and exercise. These compounds also induce an important neurotrophin, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), involved in cognition and neural growth. Mitochon is supported by Ben Franklin Technology Partners Southeastern PA, an initiative of the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development funded by the Ben Franklin Technology Development Authority.
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